ACIDS & BASES

=Acids= ===Acids are a group of chemical substances that...=== [image:http://i.imgur.com/wX9lqLX.png?1] * are corrosive (they 'eat away' / disintegrate certain materials) * taste sour * acids only form acidic solutions when dissolved in water * can neutralise bases forming a salt in the process * always contain at least one Hydrogen atom * have a pH of less than 7 [image:http://i.imgur.com/LAlW0rP.png?1] '''Acids will dissociate (split) when dissolved in water''' They release H+ ions that make the solution acidic Common Acids: '''H~2~SO~4~''' - ''Sulphuric Acid'' (Strong / Mineral Acid) '''HCl''' - ''Hydrochloric Acid'' (Strong / Mineral Acid) '''HNO~3~''' - ''Nitric Acid'' (Strong / Mineral Acid) '''CH~3~COOH''' - ''Ethanoic Acid / Acetic Acid / Vinegar'' (Weak / Organic Acid) ''Citric Acid'' (Weak / Organic Acid) ''Tartaric Acid'' (Weak / Organic Acid) =Bases= ===Bases are a group of chemical substances that...=== *are caustic (they 'eat away' / disintegrate certain materials) *taste bitter and have a slippery feel *can neutralise acids forming a salt in the process *have a pH of more than 7 [image:http://i.imgur.com/WXJ9SKt.png?2] All bases will remove H+ ions from solution Common Bases: '''NaOH''' - ''Sodium Hydroxide'' (Strong) '''Ca(OH)~2~''' - ''Calcium Hydroxide'' (Strong) '''NH~4~OH''' - ''Ammonium Hydroxide'' (Weak) '''NH~3~''' - ''Ammonia'' (Weak) '''NaHCO~3~''' - ''Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate / Sodium Bicarbonate / Baking Soda'' (Weak) ''CaCO~3~''' - ''Calcium Carbonate / Limestone / Marble'' (Weak) ==Alkalis== [image:http://i.imgur.com/dH61Aaj.png?1] A base that can '''dissolve''' in water is called an '''Alkali''' Alkalis will dissociate (split) when dissolved in water. They release OH- ions that make the solution more basic